ATOS比例溢流閥AGMZO-A-10/100液壓裝置中容易產(chǎn)生噪聲的元件一般認為是泵和閥,閥中又以溢流閥和電磁換向閥等為主。產(chǎn)生噪聲的因素很多。溢流閥的噪聲有流速聲和機械聲二種。流速聲中主要由油液振動、空穴以及液壓沖擊等原因產(chǎn)生的噪聲。機械聲中主要由閥中零件的撞擊和磨擦等原因產(chǎn)生的噪聲。
(1)壓力不均勻引起的噪聲
先導型溢流閥的導閥部分是一個易振部位如圖3所示。在高壓情況下溢流時,導閥的軸向開口很小,僅0.003~0.006厘米。過流面積很小,流速很高,可達200米/秒,易引起壓力分布不均勻,使錐閥徑向力不平衡而產(chǎn)生振動。另外錐閥和錐閥座加工時產(chǎn)生的橢圓度、導閥口的臟物粘住及調(diào)壓彈簧變形等,也會引起錐閥的振動。所以一般認為導閥是發(fā)生噪聲的振源部位。
由于有彈性元件(彈簧)和運動質(zhì)量(錐閥)的存在,構成了一個產(chǎn)生振蕩的條件,而導閥前腔又起了一個共振腔的作用,所以錐閥發(fā)生振動后易引起整個閥的共振而發(fā)出噪聲,發(fā)生噪聲時一般多伴隨有劇烈的壓力跳動。
(2)空穴產(chǎn)生的噪聲
當由于各種原因,空氣被吸入油液中,或者在油液壓力低于大氣壓時,溶解在油液中的部分空氣就會析出形成氣泡,這些氣泡在低壓區(qū)時體積較大,當隨油液流到高壓區(qū)時,受到壓縮,體積突然變小或氣泡消失;反之,如在高壓區(qū)時體積本來較小,而當流到低壓區(qū)時,體積突然增大,油中氣泡體積這種急速改變的現(xiàn)象。氣泡體積的突然改變會產(chǎn)生噪聲,又由于這一過程發(fā)生在瞬間,將引起局部液壓沖擊而產(chǎn)生振動。先導式溢流閥的導閥口和主閥口,油液流速和壓力的變化很大,很容易出現(xiàn)空穴現(xiàn)象,由此而產(chǎn)生噪聲和振動。AGMZO-A-10/100/Y 20
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